Cysteine-rich proteins
	Overexpressed cysteine-rich proteins often aggregate due to the incorrect formation of disulfide bonds. In unmodified cells these proteins do not aggregate since they are expressed at low level (typically below 0.1% of the total cell protein). At such low concentrations molecular chaperones are in excess to the cysteine-rich proteins which ensures correct formation of disulfide bonds. However, if a cysteine-rich protein is overexpressed, its concentration by far exceeds the concentration of molecular chaperones, resulting in its misfolding and aggregation.
	AB Vector's insect cell-baculovirus expression systems allow overexpression of both a cysteine-rich protein and the molecular chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is responsible for the correct formation of disulfide bonds.
	Examples
	1.For best results co-express cysteine-rich target protein and PDI using the same recombinant baculovirus. To this end, clone a DNA fragment encoding the target protein into a plasmid transfer vector, such as pVL1393 and co-transfect the resulting construct with ProFold™-PDI linearized baculovirus DNA.
	2.You have already constructed a recombinant baculovirus using conventional vectors, but you would like to supplement expression of target with expression of PDI. To this end, co-infect insect cells with your recombinant baculovirus and FoldHelper™-57P, which expresses PDI to a high level.
	3.Target cysteine-rich protein is a glycoprotein. In this case follow recommendations for Glycoproteins.
	4.Target cysteine-rich protein is a secreted protein. In this case follow recommendations for Secreted proteins.
	5.Target cysteine-rich protein is a transmembrane protein. In this case follow recommendations for Transmembrane proteins.
	Relevant products
	Plasmid transfer vectors                             Click on the product name for technical information! Cat # Product Specification Unit size Price* B1 pVL1393 High level of target protein expression 50 μl, 0.5 μg/μl $340.00   Linearized baculovirus vector DNA CsCl purified and digested with Bsu 36.I                  Click on the product name for technical information! Cat # Product Specification Unit size Price* A7 ProFold™-PDI Overexpressed PDI facilitates folding of cysteine-rich proteins High level of target protein expression from the same genome as PDI 25 μl, 2.5 μg 5 transfections $830.00 A10S ProEasy™ The easiest generation of recombinant baculoviruses Ideal for HTP applications High level of target protein expression 25 μl, 2.5 μg 5 transfections $695.00   FoldHelper™ recombinant baculovirus        Click on the product name for technical information! Cat # Product Specification Unit size Price* H17 FoldHelper™-57PRecombinant baculovirus stock Overexpressed PDI and ERp57 to facilitate folding of cysteine-rich proteins 1 ml, 108 p.f.u./ml $295.00
	*Go to PRODUCTS to order online. Alternatively, email an order as pdf attachment to info@abvector.com, or send it by Fax to 1-760-454-2465 or call 1-866-683-2867 to order by phone.
	If you have not worked with baculovirus expression system, also referred to as baculovirus expression vector system or BEVS, you can get a quick update at TECHNOLOGY. Go to BACULOVIRUS TUTORIAL for simple on-line instructions on baculovirus transfection, propagation of recombinant baculoviruses and recombinant baculovirus protein expression studies
	Click on PRODUCTS to view the entire list of recombinant baculovirus-related products.